Hi Charmaine (my namesake - that's my birth name). I thoroughly enjoyed this information and you made it so easy to understand, even for someone with limited knowledge on the subject. You even helped me form several related questions that I quickly posted on my Quora account. This seens like the kind of topic that might gain some traction. If you answer questions on Quora, you can find the ones I posted about base64 and answer them easy peasy. Thanks again :-)